Normative Criteria for Relevant Evaluation

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Source: {"body":{"en":"Co-governance is a multi-stakeholder governance arrangement whereby the community emerges as a key actor and partners up with at least one of the other four actors of the quintuple helix governance scheme of urban innovation. This approach builds on the theories elaborated to explain governance approaches used to stimulate innovation such as the triple helix and it implies the involvement in urban governance of five categories of actors: 1) active citizens, “commoners” and practicioners of the urban commons, social innovators, city makers, organized and informal local communities; 2) public authorities; 3) private economic actors (national or local businesses; small and medium enterprises; social businesses; neighborhood or district-level businesses) 4) civil society organizations and NGOs; 5) knowledge institutions (i.e. school; Universities; research centers; cultural centers; public, private, civic libraries). This model foresees an active role of the cognitive institutions as entrepreneurial and engaged universities. Co-governance arrangements are aimed at empowering the actors involved and stimulate resource integration through social and economic pooling. They ultimately trigger processes of inclusive urban development. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nKey References\r\nEtzkowitz, Henry and Leydesdorff, Loet. 1995. ‘The Triple Helix:university–industry–government relations: a laboratory forknowledge-based economic development’, EASST Review, 14(1): 14–19.\r\n\r\nRanga, M. and Etzkowitz, Henry 2013. ‘Triple Helix Systems: An Analytical Framework for Innovation Policy and Practice in the Knowledge Society”, Industry and Higher Education 27 (4): 237-262.\r\n\r\nEtzkowitz, Henry. 2003. Research groups as ‘quasi-firms’: the invention of the entrepreneurial university, Research Policy, 32(1):109-121.\r\n\r\nFoster, Sheila and Iaione, Christian. 2016. “The City as a Commons,” Yale Law Review, 34 (2): 281\r\n\r\n\r\nJulia, Lane. 2016. Big Data for Public Policy: The Quadruple Helix. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 35,3.\r\n\r\nOstrom, Elinor. 2010. Polycentric systems for coping with collective action and global environmental change. Global Environmental Change. 20: 550-557.\r\n\r\nOstrom, Elinor. 1990. Governing the commons. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\r\n\r\nBingham, Lisa. 2009. Collaborative Governance: Emerging Practices and the Incomplete Legal Framework for Public and Stakeholder Voice, Journal of Dispute Resolution."},"title":{"en":"Co-governance arrangements inclusive of different communities and stakeholders"}}

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